Average calculator — mean, median, mode and deviation
Paste a list of numbers in any format and get the mean, median, mode, range, standard deviation, variance and quartiles at once.
Runs entirely in your browser — nothing is uploaded.
Sample standard deviation (n − 1) is the default because data is usually a sample of something larger. Use the population figure only when your numbers are the entire group.
How to use
- Paste your numbers. Commas, spaces, semicolons or new lines all work — mix them freely.
- Read the summary. Every common statistic is calculated at once, so you do not have to pick first.
- Mind sample versus population. Both standard deviations are shown; sample (n − 1) is the usual default.
Questions
When should I use median instead of mean?
When the data is skewed or has outliers. Salaries are the classic case: a handful of very high earners drags the mean upward, while the median describes the typical person far better.
What if no value repeats?
Then there is no mode, and the tool says so rather than inventing one. If several values tie for the highest frequency, the data is multimodal and all of them are listed.
Sample or population standard deviation?
Use sample (dividing by n − 1) when your numbers are a sample of a bigger group — which is nearly always. Population (dividing by n) is only right when you have measured every member of the group. The n − 1 correction stops the estimate being biased low.
How are the quartiles calculated?
By linear interpolation between the closest ranks, matching Excel’s PERCENTILE.INC and R’s type 7. Other conventions exist and can give slightly different values on small datasets.